Passion, craving, and affect in online gaming: Predicting how gamers feel when playing and when prevented from playing

According to the Dualistic Model of Passion, two forms of passion can motivate a behavior: harmonious passion and obsessive passion. Across various life activities, studies have found that the two forms of passion show different relationships with affect, linking harmonious passion to positive affect and obsessive passion to negative affect. To investigate if this pattern also holds for online gaming, the present study investigated 160 gamers involved in playing massively multiplayer online role-playing games (MMOs) and examined positive and negative affect (a) when playing and (b) when prevented from playing. In addition, the effects of general affect and craving for playing MMOs were controlled for. Results were as expected from the Dualistic Model of Passion: Harmonious passion for online gaming predicted positive affect when playing whereas obsessive passion predicted negative affect when playing and when prevented from playing. Moreover, these effects remained unchanged when general affect and craving were controlled for. With this, the present research shows that individual differences in passion for online gaming explain unique variance in gaming-related emotions. Moreover, the present findings suggests that craving is a variable that future research on positive and negative affect in online gaming should pay closer attention to

Examining concurrent validity and item selection of the Session Wants and Needs Outcome Measure (SWAN-OM) in a children and young people web-based therapy service

Background: Single-session mental health interventions are frequently attended by children and young people (CYP) in both web-based and face-to-face therapy settings. The Session “Wants” and “Needs” Outcome Measure (SWAN-OM) is an instrument developed in a web-based therapy service to overcome the challenges of collecting outcomes and experiences of single-session therapies (SSTs). It provides pre-defined goals for the session, selected by the young person prior to the intervention, on which progress toward achievement is scored at the end of the session. Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the instrument's psychometric properties, including concurrent validity against three other frequently used outcome and experience measures, at a web-based and text-based mental health service. Methods: The SWAN-OM was administered for a period of 6 months to 1,401 CYP (aged 10–32 years; 79.3% white; 77.59% female) accessing SST on a web-based service. Item correlations with comparator measures and hierarchical logistic regressions to predict item selection were calculated for concurrent validity and psychometric exploration. Results: The most frequently selected items were “Feel better” (N = 431; 11.61%) and “Find ways I can help myself” (N = 411; 11.07%); unpopular items were “Feel safe in my relationships” (N = 53; 1.43%) and “Learn the steps to achieve something I want” (N = 58; 1.56%). The SWAN-OM was significantly correlated with the Experience of Service Questionnaire, particularly the item “Feel better” [rs(109) = 0.48, p < 0.001], the Youth Counseling Impact Scale, particularly the item “Learn the steps to achieve something I want” [rs(22) = 0.76, p < 0.001], and the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, particularly the items “Learn how to feel better” [rs(22) = 0.72, p < 0.001] and “Explore how I feel” [rs(70) = −0.44, p < 0.001]. Conclusion: The SWAN-OM demonstrates good concurrent validity with common measures of outcome and experience. Analysis suggests that lesser-endorsed items may be removed in future iterations of the measure to improve functionality. Future research is required to explore SWAN-OM's potential to measure meaningful change in a range of therapeutic settings

IL-17 Receptor Signaling in Oral Epithelial Cells Is Critical for Protection against Oropharyngeal Candidiasis

Signaling through the IL-17 receptor (IL-17R) is required to prevent oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC) in mice and humans. However, the IL-17-responsive cell type(s) that mediate protection are unknown. Using radiation chimeras we were able to rule out a requirement for IL-17RA in the hematopoietic compartment. We saw remarkable concordance of IL-17-controlled gene expression in C. albicans-infected human oral epithelial cells (OECs) and in tongue tissue from mice with OPC. To interrogate the role of the IL-17R in OECs, we generated mice with conditional deletion of IL-17RA in superficial oral and esophageal epithelial cells (Il17ra(ΔK13)). Following oral Candida infection, Il17ra(ΔK13) mice exhibited fungal loads and weight loss indistinguishable from Il17ra(−/−) mice. Susceptibility in Il17ra(ΔK13) mice correlated with expression of the antimicrobial peptide β-defensin 3 (BD3, Defb3). Consistently, Defb3(−/−) mice were susceptible to OPC. Thus, OECs dominantly control IL-17R-dependent responses to OPC through regulation of BD3expression

Goal formulation and tracking in child mental health settings: when is it more likely and is it associated with satisfaction with care?

Goal formulation and tracking may support preference-based care. Little is known about the likelihood of goal formulation and tracking and associations with care satisfaction. Logistic and Poisson stepwise regressions were performed on clinical data for N = 3757 children from 32 services in the UK (M age = 11; SDage = 3.75; most common clinician-reported presenting problem was emotional problems = 55.6%). Regarding the likelihood of goal formulation, it was more likely for pre-schoolers, those with learning difficulties or those with both hyperactivity disorder and conduct disorder. Regarding the association between goal formulation and tracking and satisfaction with care, parents of children with goals information were more likely to report complete satisfaction by scoring at the maximum of the scale. Findings of the present research suggest that goal formulation and tracking may be an important part of patient satisfaction with care. Clinicians should be encouraged to consider goal formulation and tracking when it is clinically meaningful as a means of promoting collaborative practice

Genetic mechanisms of critical illness in COVID-19.

Host-mediated lung inflammation is present1, and drives mortality2, in the critical illness caused by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Host genetic variants associated with critical illness may identify mechanistic targets for therapeutic development3. Here we report the results of the GenOMICC (Genetics Of Mortality In Critical Care) genome-wide association study in 2,244 critically ill patients with COVID-19 from 208 UK intensive care units. We have identified and replicated the following new genome-wide significant associations: on chromosome 12q24.13 (rs10735079, P = 1.65 × 10-8) in a gene cluster that encodes antiviral restriction enzyme activators (OAS1, OAS2 and OAS3); on chromosome 19p13.2 (rs74956615, P = 2.3 × 10-8) near the gene that encodes tyrosine kinase 2 (TYK2); on chromosome 19p13.3 (rs2109069, P = 3.98 ×  10-12) within the gene that encodes dipeptidyl peptidase 9 (DPP9); and on chromosome 21q22.1 (rs2236757, P = 4.99 × 10-8) in the interferon receptor gene IFNAR2. We identified potential targets for repurposing of licensed medications: using Mendelian randomization, we found evidence that low expression of IFNAR2, or high expression of TYK2, are associated with life-threatening disease; and transcriptome-wide association in lung tissue revealed that high expression of the monocyte-macrophage chemotactic receptor CCR2 is associated with severe COVID-19. Our results identify robust genetic signals relating to key host antiviral defence mechanisms and mediators of inflammatory organ damage in COVID-19. Both mechanisms may be amenable to targeted treatment with existing drugs. However, large-scale randomized clinical trials will be essential before any change to clinical practice

Perfectionism

Perfectionism has been associated with higher levels of psychological maladjustment and disorder in adolescence and lower levels of subjective well-being and psychological adjustment. Perfectionism, however, is a multidimensional disposition, and not all dimensions of perfectionism are necessarily unhealthy and maladaptive. This entry presents an overview about perfectionism in adolescence and the main dimensions of perfectionism: perfectionistic strivings and perfectionistic concerns. It shows how the two dimensions are related to subjective well-being, psychological adjustment and maladjustment, and disorder. Moreover, it informs on how perfectionism can be measured and what factors influence the development of perfectionism in children and adolescents. Moreover, it will discuss what is still unknown about perfectionism and why the notion that perfectionism can be healthy or adaptive is controversially debated

Perfectionism in students and employees : predicting stress and intra group relationships

Over the past 20 years, Hewitt and Flett's (1991) tripartite model of perfectionism has been the focus of numerous research studies. Academia and work are two life domains in which perfectionism is most prevalent. Nevertheless, there is a lack of research with samples of students and employees on the longitudinal effects of perfectionism on stress, burnout, and engagement, and on the effects of perfectionism on intragroup relationships in a team-work context. The aims of this thesis were therefore to investigate whether perfectionism longitudinally predicts stress, burnout, and engagement, and to investigate whether perfectionism is associated with intragroup relationships in a team-work context. To this end, I conducted six studies. In Study 1, 76 students completed measures of perfectionism, the Big Five, burnout, and engagement twice over four months. In Study 2, 69 employees completed measures of perfectionism, stress, and burnout twice over six months. In Study 3, 195 teachers completed measures of perfectionism, stress, burnout, and engagement twice over three months. In Study 4, 147 students completed a measure of perfectionism and then responded to a vignette about working with a hypothetical partner who was described as a perfectionist. In Study 5, 110 students working on team projects completed measures of perfectionism, cohesion, and engagement. And in Study 6, 149 employees, nested within teams, completed measures of perfectionism, cohesion, and stress. Across studies, socially prescribed perfectionism consistently predicted higher levels of stress and burnout longitudinally, and it was also associated with positive and negative intragroup relationships. In comparison, self-oriented perfectionism was associated with positive intragroup relationships, and other-oriented perfectionism was associated with positive and negative intragroup relationships. The findings suggest that students and employees who strive for exceedingly high standards experience increasing levels of stress and burnout which may harm their future psychological adjustment

Perfectionism in students and employees : predicting stress and intra group relationships

Over the past 20 years, Hewitt and Flett's (1991) tripartite model of perfectionism has been the focus of numerous research studies. Academia and work are two life domains in which perfectionism is most prevalent. Nevertheless, there is a lack of research with samples of students and employees on the longitudinal effects of perfectionism on stress, burnout, and engagement, and on the effects of perfectionism on intragroup relationships in a team-work context. The aims of this thesis were therefore to investigate whether perfectionism longitudinally predicts stress, burnout, and engagement, and to investigate whether perfectionism is associated with intragroup relationships in a team-work context. To this end, I conducted six studies. In Study 1, 76 students completed measures of perfectionism, the Big Five, burnout, and engagement twice over four months. In Study 2, 69 employees completed measures of perfectionism, stress, and burnout twice over six months. In Study 3, 195 teachers completed measures of perfectionism, stress, burnout, and engagement twice over three months. In Study 4, 147 students completed a measure of perfectionism and then responded to a vignette about working with a hypothetical partner who was described as a perfectionist. In Study 5, 110 students working on team projects completed measures of perfectionism, cohesion, and engagement. And in Study 6, 149 employees, nested within teams, completed measures of perfectionism, cohesion, and stress. Across studies, socially prescribed perfectionism consistently predicted higher levels of stress and burnout longitudinally, and it was also associated with positive and negative intragroup relationships. In comparison, self- --- oriented perfectionism was associated with positive intragroup relationships, and other- oriented perfectionism was associated with positive and negative intragroup relationships. The -findings suggest that students and employees who strive for exceedingly high standards experience increasing levels of stress and burnout which may harm their future psychological adjustment.EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo

Self-oriented, other-oriented, and socially prescribed perfectionism in employees: Relationships with burnout and engagement

Burnout and engagement impact employees, organizations, and customers in numerous positive and negative ways. Consequently, it is important to know how individual differences contribute to employees‘ burnout and engagement. The present study examined how individual differences in self-oriented, other-oriented, and socially prescribed perfectionism were associated with burnout and engagement in a sample of 106 employees. Results of correlation and regression analyses showed that perfectionism explained variance in all facets of burnout (exhaustion, cynicism, reduced efficacy) and engagement (vigor, dedication, absorption). Whereas socially prescribed perfectionism was associated with higher levels of burnout and lower levels of engagement, self-oriented and other-oriented perfectionism were associated with lower levels of burnout and higher levels of engagement. The findings indicate that individual differences in perfectionism may be a contributing factor to burnout and engagement in the workplace